The terms the platform uses, defined.

The mean loss per year, obtained by integrating the exceedance curve across all severities. It is a long-run average, not a forecast for any given year.

The origin of the carbon emitted. Fossil carbon comes from geological reservoirs and adds carbon to the cycle. Biogenic carbon comes from biomass within the short cycle. Product standards require the two to be reported separately, not netted.

Clause 7 of ISO 14067: the requirements for the product carbon footprint report. It defines what the report must contain for a third party to interpret the figure and judge how it was obtained.

Carbon dioxide equivalent. The common unit that expresses the mass of any greenhouse gas as the mass of CO₂ with equivalent warming effect over a stated horizon.

A comparison of an observed or projected outcome against the scenario in which no action was taken. In adaptation it is the mechanism that allows an effect to be attributed to a measure: without a declared "no action" trajectory, the figure has nothing to be measured against.

A system boundary running from raw material extraction to the point the product leaves the plant. It excludes distribution, use and end of life — that wider boundary is cradle-to-grave.

The relationship that translates the physical intensity of a hazard into a fraction of damage on asset value, by construction typology. Without a calibrated damage function, a hazard can be assessed as a hazard but cannot be turned into expected loss.

A criterion of the EU Taxonomy: to be aligned, an activity must not significantly harm any of the regulation's other environmental objectives. It is a condition of alignment, not of eligibility.The platform resolves eligibility. Not alignment, not DNSH.

The coefficient that converts activity data into emissions. It depends on geography, on period, and on the body that publishes it — so the factor applied and its version are part of the result.

The European reporting standards that give effect to the CSRD. They organise disclosure by environmental, social and governance topic, with content requirements per topic.

Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852. It requires in-scope companies to disclose what share of turnover, capex and opex corresponds to eligible activities and to aligned activities. These are two distinct determinations: eligibility asks whether the activity is listed; alignment asks whether it also meets technical screening criteria, DNSH and minimum safeguards.

Regulation (EU) 2023/2631. A voluntary standard requiring proceeds to be allocated to EU Taxonomy-aligned activities and reviewed by an external reviewer registered with ESMA.

The timing of a declaration relative to the fact declared. Ex ante: before, on a projected outcome. Ex post: after, on an observed one. This axis is independent of who stands behind the figure.

The relationship between loss severity and the annual probability of exceeding it. It is the probabilistic object from which both average annual loss and probable maximum loss are derived.

The greenhouse gas accounting framework published by the World Resources Institute and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. It sets the organisational and operational boundaries of the inventory and the split into Scopes 1, 2 and 3.

A set of voluntary sustainability reporting standards in global use, comprising universal, sector and topic standards.

The GRI topic standard on water and effluents: withdrawal, discharge, consumption and water-stress context. It is water reporting, not a life-cycle water footprint.

The factor that converts the mass of a gas into CO₂e. It depends on the horizon — usually one hundred years — and on the IPCC assessment report that publishes it: the same gas carries a different value under AR5 and AR6, so the version applied must be stated.

The natural-hazard loss estimation methodology and model of FEMA, the U.S. federal emergency management agency. It supplies damage functions relating hazard intensity to expected damage by construction typology.

The International Capital Market Association's Green Bond Principles. Voluntary market guidance built on four components: use of proceeds, project evaluation and selection, management of proceeds, and reporting.

The ISSB standard for climate-related financial disclosures, structured around governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics and targets. It is the current form of what the TCFD recommendations asked for; the ISSB took over their monitoring.

A global risk index developed by the European Commission with humanitarian partners. It combines hazard exposure, vulnerability and lack of coping capacity, at country and sub-national level.

The range expressing disagreement between different climate models on the same variable. Propagating it through to the result preserves that disagreement; averaging it beforehand removes it from the final figure.

The international standard for life-cycle-based water footprint. It assesses potential water-related impacts across the life cycle of a product, process or organisation.The platform reports water under GRI 303. It does not compute an ISO 14046 water footprint.

The international standard for quantifying and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and removals at organisational level. It covers the same object as the GHG Protocol under its own structure of direct and indirect emissions.

The international standard for quantifying and reporting the carbon footprint of a product. It rests on the life cycle assessment framework of ISO 14040 and 14044 and addresses a single impact category: climate change.

The international standard on risk management. It provides principles, a framework and a process — including the nomenclature of categories, evaluation criteria and review cycles. It is not certifiable.

The European Commission's in-house science service. Among other reference datasets, it publishes flood damage functions calibrated by continent.

The U.S. Green Building Council's (USGBC) green building certification system, organised into prerequisites and credits by impact area, with a point scale that determines the certification level. The current version is LEED v5.The platform supports two of its prerequisites: physical climate risk screening at asset level (IPp1) and the first tier of embodied carbon for construction materials (MRp2). It does not issue the certification — that is done by USGBC/GBCI.

The standard sequence in climate and thematic debt instruments: measure under a declared method, report with its traceability, and have a third party verify. The three steps are distinct and do not substitute for one another.

An ordinal scale declaring who stands behind a figure, from self-reported data to data certified against an accredited standard. The ordinality is payload: a higher level commits more parties — it does not describe greater precision.This is not the validation level. That scale states whether a model was tested against observation; this one states who stands behind the datum. There is no equivalence and no mapping between them.

The EU statistical classification of economic activities. It is the key by which the Taxonomy identifies and delimits economic activities.

A network of central banks and financial supervisors that publishes reference climate scenarios. Its scenarios combine transition policy assumptions with physical risk trajectories, and are the supervisor's usual reference.

The Global Historical Climatology Network — Daily, of the U.S. oceanic and atmospheric agency. A dataset of daily climate observations from weather stations worldwide.

The severity associated with a given return period — a point in the tail of the distribution, not its average. It answers a different question from average annual loss.

The concentration pathways used by the IPCC to project future climate, named after the radiative forcing they reach by 2100 — RCP 2.6, 4.5, 8.5. They are scenarios, not forecasts.

The initiative that sets criteria for emission reduction targets consistent with climate science, and validates the targets companies submit to it.The gap analysis is produced by the platform; target validation is issued by SBTi.

The split of an organisation's emissions by origin. Scope 1: sources it owns or controls. Scope 2: purchased energy. Scope 3: the rest of the value chain, upstream and downstream. Scope 2 is computed under two methods the standard itself defines: location-based, using the average grid factor for the geography, and market-based, using the contractual instrument's factor. One is not chosen over the other: both are reported.

A level of resolution sufficient to rank, prioritise and rule out — not sufficient to support an actuarial, underwriting or pricing decision.

The seventeen goals and one hundred sixty-nine targets of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. Their official indicators are defined at country level, not at company level.

A synthetic tropical cyclone dataset extending the observed historical record to thousands of simulated years, in order to estimate extreme wind frequencies the short record cannot show.

A public hazard screening tool of the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, hosted at the World Bank. It returns a qualitative hazard level by location.

The U.S. government's science agency for geology, hydrology and geography. Among other outputs, it publishes the reference seismic hazard models.

The axis declaring whether a model source has been tested against observation in a given geography. It is an attribute of the source × geography pair, not of the result: it does not change when a figure is computed, it changes when a calibration is published. Calibrating one region does not validate another. Where no calibration is published for that pair, the state is declared: not validated.This is not the N1–N4 assurance level. That scale states who stands behind the datum; this one states whether the model was tested. There is no equivalence and no mapping between them.

The World Bank database tracking carbon pricing instruments in force worldwide — taxes and emissions trading systems — together with their coverage and price.

The World Resources Institute's water risk platform. Its Water Risk Atlas resolves water stress, drought risk and flood risk by hydrological sub-basin, with administrative aggregations. Aqueduct Floods is a separate tool, focused on riverine and coastal flood hazard.